Solar Reference Cells
See Also: PV Cell, References, Photovoltaic Reference Cells, Solar Simulators, Solar Irradiance
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Reference Cells For PIV-IV Systems
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NREL calibrated cell used for calibration transfer.The Abet Technologies solar reference cell is a precision instrument for the determination of solar simulator irradiance levels. The sensor is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell having an area of2x2cm(4cm).The back of the solar cell is attached to the device in such a way that a good heat transfer to the device housing is guaranteed. Below the solar cell a Pt100 RTD temperature sensor is mounted to allow monitoring of device temperature. The device is not shunted allowing the whole IV-curve to be measured. The solar cell is protected by a high quality fused silica window, assuring spectral sensitivity over a 320 -1100 nm range.
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Product
Solar Reference Cell
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The Solar Reference Cells consist of a 20 mm x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 mm x 70 mm x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. Designed for calibrating the irradiance of solar simulators used for testing solar cells and modules.
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Power Meters and Calibration Cells
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The Solar Reference Cell consist of a 20 x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 x 70 x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is a 100 ohm platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD).The Solar Reference Cells come with a Certificate of Calibration and compatible set of connecting cables. The following parameters of the reference cell are certified: Isc, Imax, Voc, Vmax, Pmax, Area, Fill Factor and Efficiency. The certification is accredited by NIST to the ISO-17025 standard and is traceable both to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and to the International System of Units (SI). A compatible cable set is also supplied with each Solar Reference Cell.
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SOLAR CELL TESTER
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The tester is designed for terrestrial solar cell incoming/outcoming inspection with the purpose of checking and optimizing parameters and preventing manufacture defects of solar modules. Solar cells are not heated in process of inspection due to the use of xenon pulse lamp installed in the tester.
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Solar Cell Systems
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he Solar Cell Scan is a multifunctionalexperimental platform,which is based on the measurement of Quantum Efficiency (QE) . The system employs a turnkey integrated design, which can carry out QE, Reflectivity and Mapping testing functions automatically. There are also modular and customdesigned accessories to adapt to different solar cell samples.
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Reference Meter
ST1000
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Shenzhen Star Instrument Co., Ltd.
The ST1000 three-phase reference meter incorporates high-precision A/D converter, DSP, wide-range measuring and embedding industrial PC technologies. It has a high accuracy of class 0.01. The voltage measuring range (phase voltage): 1V~480V, current measuring range: 1mA~120A.
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Product
Reference Oscillator
REF Series 1.5” x 1.5” x 0.6”
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*Connectorized Package *Free Running *Low Phase Noise *Output Power to +12 dBm Available
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Product
Solar Cell PL/EL/IV 3-in-1 Testing System
VS6841
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Industrial Vision Technology Pte Ltd.
This luminescence Analyzer integrates a Photoluminescence (PL), Electroluminescence (EL) , and I-V Measurement Technology, has a Device’s PL image, EL image, as well Device’s I-V characteristics in One system. It is being using to quantitatively map Minority-Carrier Lifetime, and to characterize the defect of silicon wafer & solar wafer, and measure the key parameters from solar cell I-V Curve. It is also a useful tool for scientist to develop other methodology & parameters that can be used as a promising technique for online material monitoring and process control.
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Reference Transmitter
81491A
Transmitter
Keysight's 81491A Reference Transmitter is designed to offer excellent eye quality for NRZ and PAM4 signals at baud-rates up to 32Gbaud and can serve as universal E/O converter. It comes in Multimode (MM) and Single-Mode (SM) flavors and includes internal lasers at 850nm (MM) or 1310&1550nm (SM). External optical input for usage with tunable laser sources is available for SM option. It is fully integrated into Keysight’s Optical Receiver Stress Test solutions to address test requirements of IEEE 802.3 10,40,100 and 400GBASE optical standards.
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AC Reference Modules
Reference Module
NAI offers a variety of AC reference modules that provide a drive capability to 5 VA. The units are transformer-isolated and operate over a frequency range from 47 Hz to 10 kHz. These modules are specifically designed for rugged defense, commercial aerospace, and industrial applications.
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Product
Solar Simulators
Sun 2000 Class A
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The Abet Gen II optical design, patent pending, dramatically increases the percentage of photons reaching the work plane.All electronics are packaged in the lamp house -no clutter of high power cables to deal with. A digital shutter timer allowing both manual and external control is included with every unit.Standard maintenance, lamp or filter replacement, does not require any tools.Locking indicator dials on all the system controls provide for a reproducible and stable setup.
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Solar Simulator for Concentrator Cells
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Optosolar offers solar simulators with continuous light for small area solar cells (ca. 10mm x 10mm). depending on the cell size, the concentration ratio can exceed 1000 suns. Special designs cover low concentration on large area wafers (156mm x 156mm), as well as line focus applications (e.g. 8mm x 156mm at 8 suns). Flashlight Solar Simulators have the advantage of negligible temperature change to the solar cell. For this reason, they are often used for very high concentration ratios or for multijunction cells in a solar simulator with adjustable spectrum.
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AC Reference Generators
SR21
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Computer Conversions Corporation
The SR Series are miniature, low cost AC reference generators designed to supply 26 or 115 volt excitation to synchros or resolvers in military and industrial control applications. They accept +/-15V DC and provide up to 5VA of transformer isolated output power. These converters are packaged in PC card mounting modules 2.6”x3.1”x1”H.
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Solar Photovoltaics
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The conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
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Solar Cell Testers
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Solar Cell Testers are integrated systems incorporating Solar Simulator and I-V Measurement systems. PET offers Standard and Advance IV Measurement software. PET Cell Testers are capable of measuring a diverse range of solar cell parameters such as Isc,Voc, Imax,Vmax, Pmax, FF, Rsh, Rs and η cell conversion efficiency, complete light and dark I-V curves. All that needs to be done to test a cell is to load the cell, make electrical probes contact and press “Measure” icon on the I-V Measurement System software. The software will automatically open the Solar Simulator shutter, perform the test and close the shutter after the test is complete. The design is modular in nature and can be easily upgraded. Some options can added at a later time.
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Voltage References
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Renesas' wide selection of voltage reference (Vref) circuits offer accurate and stable reference voltages unaffected by external influences such as variation in temperature, input voltage and time.
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Product
Flashlight Solar Simulator
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Flashlight Solar Simulators have the advantage of negligible temperature change to the solar cell. For this reason, they are primarily used in cell and module production environments. Also, they are a more budgetary alternative if large cell areas are to be illuminated, because it is easier to have excellent light uniformity on areas of 8 in x 8 in or larger. So, this type of solar simulator is also used for analysis of large area thin film solar cells. But care must be taken, as some materials (e.g. CIGS) have long inherent time constants, so that the pulse length (better: flash plateau) must be chosen accordingly.
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Solar Simulation
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Sciencetech solar simulators produce high intensity, uniform illumination on a target area. Typically, high power solar simulators use an ellipsoidal reflector to capture light from an arc lamp source inside the reflector, an arrangement that results in a light pattern with a bright outer region and a dark center. This non-uniformity is un- acceptable in many solar simulator applications and as a result, forces many of our solar simulator competitors to use designs involving diffusers to reduce the non-uniformity. This results in a reduction of intensity and a dis- tortion of the spectrum on the target area.
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Custom Solar Simulation
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Atlas Material Testing Solutions
Solar heat load effects are critical with respect to product functionality, operational performance, thermal management, noise and dimensional stability. Therefore, any new product made from different materials and components should be tested under solar environmental conditions representative of those locations in which it will exist - anywhere ranging from the heat of the Australian Outback to the frigid climate of arctic regions.
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Solar Panel Chamber
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Specifically designed for the solar industry, these climatic chambers feature specifically designed fixtures to properly measure almost any component related to solar panels including the actual panels, grid-tied photovoltaic inverters, or photovoltaic cells and modules.
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Reference Detect Switch
RDS Series 0.9” x 0.9" x 0.21”
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*Surface Mount Package *Standard Internal TCXO (±2.5 ppm, Stability) *Tighter Stability Available *Fixed Frequencies to 100 MHz
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Shunt Voltage References
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Analog Devices offers a broad line of shunt precision voltage references that combine excellent accuracy and temperature stability with low noise and small packages. These devices operate in a manner that is functionally equivalent to a Zener diode. The bias current must be set higher than the sum of the maximum quiescent current of the voltage reference and the maximum expected load current. Since shunt voltage references are typically biased with a resistor, the voltage reference can operate on a wide range of input voltages.
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Solar Simulator
XES Series
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The recent environmental issues have been drawing more attention over the past few years. So "solar simulators" have come into the public eye much more often. They are mainly used for the evaluation of solar cells as well as for other types of tests where sunlight needs to be recreated.The continuous light of xenon lamp, the most faithful reproduction of sunlight, is applied in our highly accurate solar simulator, which has been widely sold across Japan and neighboring countries."SAN-EI" offer a wide range of solar-related optical technologies and can guarantee to satisfy the needs and request of customers.
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Solar Spectrum Test Chamber / Solar Radiation Test Chamber
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WEIBER Solar Spectrum Test Chambers are one of solutions to be utilized in large scale PV testing program. We offer customized as well as standard multidimensional test program for PV modules in reasonable prices. This system delivers the weathering stress representative of long term outdoor exposure.Our flexible system can be designed according to our test requirements, to suit environmental test conditions like volume, temperature, humidity solar radiation intensity and other measuring instruments. Weiber provide Solar Radiation Test Chamber.WEIBER solar test system are recognized for superior solar simulation environmental Testing, evaluating outdoor use product reliability, quality & safety. This technology allows for very high concentrations of UV energy without excessive heating of test samples. Custom mounting and cooling can be added depending upon specific material exposure requirements. MHGs (metal halide global lamps) are used as radiation source. Weiber provide Solar Simulation Test Chamber.
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AC Reference Generators
SRB
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Computer Conversions Corporation
The SRB Series are miniature, Bulk-head Mount, low cost AC reference generators to supply moderate power 2-115VAC excitation to Synchro's, Resolvers, LVDT's and related converters in COTS-Military and industrial applications for measurement, control, simulation and data communications.
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Reference Measuring System
SMG-R
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Reference peak voltage meter SMG-R for precise measurement of high voltage. This PEAK voltmeter has higher accuracy and the measuring divider has a very high stability.
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Product
Solar Cell Simulation
Setfos
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Easily calculate the short circuit current, open circuit voltage Voc and fill factor with Setfos. Tweak the layer stack and add light scattering layers for enhanced absorption. Optimize for AM1.5 or specific wavelength bandsElectrical IV curvesCurve fitting & parameter extractionAC simulation and transient experiments like photo-CELIVAdvanced device physics: SRH-recombination, excitons, ... Design anti-reflection coatings or transparent cells
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Solar Simulators
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Abet Technologies offer a wide range of ASTM, IEC, and JIS standards compliant solar simulators ranging from 150W to 3kW with one sun or greater illuminated field sizes from 50 x 50 mm to 35 x 35 cm. The direction of illumination, traditional down pointing, horizontal, or vertical up pointing can be specified at the time of ordering.
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Solar Cells
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Using high-efficiency solar panels made of silicon solar cells, the conversion rate as high as 16%, and attenuation, good reliability, long life. Frame using a high-quality anodized aluminum edge, high mechanical strength, ensuring a high level of wind resistance and anti-riot performance, can be adapted to a variety of complex and harsh climatic conditions used.
